Hemidemisemiquaver

A hemidemisemiquaver is a sixty-fourth note. Hemidemisemiquavers receive one sixteenth of a beat in standard time signatures for they are one-sixteenth the duration of a quarter note and all quarter notes receive four beats in a measure, and one beat per note in common time 4/4. One-sixteenth of one quarter is one sixty fourth.

Hologram

Holographic decals depicting the RIAA logo that are placed on certified award plaques and sequentially numbered and registered at RIAA headquarters.

I/O (input/output)

Equipment, data, or connectors used to communicate from a circuit or system to other circuits or systems, or the outside world.

International Standard

In working toward a comprehensive copyright management solution, the RIAA created a database for ISRC information. In essence, each code serves as a digital license plate for each sound recording, remaining identifiable throughout any journey on the information superhighway. Implementation of ISRC simplifies the collection and distribution of royalties by providing a unique worldwide identifier for these tracks.

Jig Piano

The strict rhythmic patterns of ragtime piano playing are often referred to as "jig piano."

L-pad

L-pad

Largo

Among the early divisions of tempo markings, largo was the slowest. It is now often placed between grave, extremely slow and ponderous, and andante, walking. "Adagio" is considered by some composers and theoreticians to be slower than "largo" and therefore largo is categorized between adagio and andante. Occasionally a movement in a composition will be entitled "Largo" for the slow, steady, and stately manner in which the movement should be performed.

Ledger Line

Many people are familiar with the two staffs of music for pianos and hymnodies. The treble clef is commonly referred to as the upper staff and the bass clef is commonly referred to as the lower staff. Historically the staffs have not always been separate and included a single staff first numbering fifteen lines and then decreased to eleven. During the years in which such line-packed staffs were used, few ledger lines were needed. That was about the only asset of these complex staffs, particularly germane to the fifteen line staff. Ledger lines are now used to indicate notes which go either above or below the two tiered staff for pitch indication. Ledger lines are short lines drawn parallel to the staff that essentially represent an extension of the staff.

levels

Terms used to describe relative audio signal levels. mic-level Nominal signal coming directly from a microphone. Very low, in the microvolts, and requires a preamp with at least 60 dB gain before using with any line-level equipment. line-level Standard +4 dBu or -10 dBV audio levels. instrument-level Nominal signal from musical instruments using electrical pick-ups. Varies widely, from very low mic-levels to quite large line-levels.

Linux

A computer Unix-type operating system (OS) invented by Linus Torvalds in 1992, who wrote it as a student at the University of Helsinki. He created this OS because he couldn't afford one that could accomplish what he wanted with his available hardware. He then posted it on the network for other students, where it grew and became very stable and powerful. Today, for free, the software, source code, etc., is available off the web.

loud

If it's too loud you're too old!

loudness

The SPL of a standard sound which appears to be as loud as the unknown. Loudness level is measured in phons and equals the equivalent SPL in dB of the standard. [For example, a sound judged as loud as a 40 dB-SPL 1 kHz tone has a loudness level of 40 phons. Also, it takes 10 phons (an increase of 10 dB-SPL) to be judged twice as loud.]

luminance

That part of the video signal which carries the information on how bright the TV signal is to be.

Mass merchandiser

A very large retail chain that sells a variety of goods, including recorded music. Such stores include Wal-Mart and K-Mart.

MDM (modular digital multitrack)

Generic term used to describe any of the families of digital audio multitrack recorders. The most common examples being the Alesis ADAT series and the Tascam DA-88 series.

Measure

A measure is a musical notation device that distinguishes a specific unit of time comprised of a fixed number of note values (whole, half, quarter, et cetera) of a particular kind, fixed by the meter and bracketed by two vertical lines across a staff of music. The two vertical bar lines are separated by the distance required by the number of notes contained in the measure. This portion of musical notation does not determine the rhythm, tempo or note values; the measure does contain the notes and various note-types. Tempo, rhythms and note values are determined by time signatures and tempo markings. Each measure of a time signature of 3/4, for example, will contain three beats, one for each quarter note. If a dotted half-note is contained between the two vertical bars, it will receive three beats and the measure will be over. The measure can also contain six eighth notes and a number of different combinations of note-type fractions depending upon the musical context. How fast the respective beats are is determined by the tempo.

medical conferencing

Meter

Meter, time signature, and rhythm are often confused as being synonymous. The time signature of a piece of music, 4/4, 2/4, 6/8, 9/8 informs the performer of the number of beats in a measure and the notes which receive an accent within the space of a measure. Rhythms are the steady succession of pulses within the measure, a pattern of time. The meter of a specific bar of music measures the completion of one such pattern. Accordingly, meter is often defined by one measure of music in combination with the time signature and note values. In hearing music the listener will understand most Western music to be either duple or triple meters. The time signatures above, for example, are all duple or triple meters. 2/4, 4/4, and even 6/8 are types of duple meter. 2/4 measures have two beats, one and two, while 4/4 measures, arguably also have two beats, in this case two strong beats, one and three. 6/8 is a triple or duple meter depending on the flow of the music. It can indeed have two beats of three eighth notes, three beats of two eighth notes (not ordinarily) or six beats of eighth notes though this too is unusual. 3/4 is the best candidate for understanding triple meter ( as is 9/8) for the 3/4 measure receives three beats to the measure and the patterns are often structured so that the first beat of the measure receives the emphasis or all three beats receive the emphasis. Meter in music was developed from metered verses in poetry where regular rhythms (feet: accents and ebbs) became models for mensuration.

Mezzo Forte

This dynamic marking informs the singer or player that the measures under this symbol should be performed to a moderately loud degree. It is often used to stress, emphatically, the importance of the particular words in the text being sung. Unfortunately, it can become confusing if that is all one understands it to be used for because composers will often use dynamic markings to stress important climaxes in the music which are not always commensurate with the text. Dynamic markings are much less confusing when the music scored is instrumental in nature.

MP3

MPEG Audio Layer-3, or MP3, is the compression technology commonly used to make digital audio computer files relatively small while maintaining high audio quality. It is one of many formats used for uploading and downloading on the Internet.

Multi-Disc Compilation/Box Set

Two or more recordings packaged together and sold as a set.

Net Shipments

The amount of manufacturer unit shipments after returns.

Offbeat

Any beat within a score of mensurated music (music with bars) that is not the first beat -- also known as the downbeat -- is an offbeat. Offbeat is also used to emphasize the weak beats of the measure.

One Stop

A wholesaler that services mostly mom and pop stores that aren't chains.

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